Ultimately, this blistered area will scab over. The papule then develops into a vesicle, which looks like a fluid-filled blister. This causes a small, round bump known as a papule to develop. When the virus reaches this dermal layer, it starts to multiply. The vaccine doesn’t penetrate to the deeper skin layers, such as the subcutaneous tissue. Instead of puncturing the skin one time, the person administering the vaccine will make multiple punctures in the skin to deliver the virus to the skin’s dermis, which is the layer just below the epidermis that is visible to the world. The smallpox vaccine is given using a special bifurcated (two-prong) needle. For example, a flu shot is delivered in a one-time stick using a single needle point that goes through several layers of skin and into the muscle. The smallpox vaccine is delivered in a unique manner compared to many other vaccines used today. Department of Health and Human Services did administer the vaccine after 1972 to healthcare workers and smallpox response teams from health departments due to the fear the smallpox virus could be used as a biological weapon by terrorists. While most people who have the smallpox vaccine scar are older, the U.S. But the vaccine left behind a distinctive mark or scar. The creation of a smallpox vaccine was a major medical achievement. In 1972, smallpox vaccines stopped being a part of routine vaccinations in the United States. Through the widespread administration of the smallpox vaccine, doctors declared the smallpox virus “extinct” in the United States in 1952. Because this virus is so similar to the variola virus, the body can usually make enough antibodies to fight off the smallpox virus. The virus injected is a live virus, but it isn’t the variola virus known to cause smallpox. During the most significant smallpox outbreaks in the 20th century, an estimated 3 out of 10 people died from the virus while many others were left disfigured, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.įortunately, researchers were able to create a vaccine against this virus. Smallpox is a viral, infectious disease that causes a significant skin rash and fever.
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